Journal of Archives in Military Medicine
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Mar 2020

Context: 

The emerging disease COVID-19 has made a major problem for people around the world, and treatment systems are facing hardships. Obesity is a risk factor for health, and COVID-19 is a global disease. Obesity may be a risk factor for this disease. The relationship between obesity and the disease was examined in this study.

Evidence Acquisition: 

Three databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, were examined. The search strategy and keyword combinations were (“COVID-19” OR “Coronavirus” OR “Wuhan virus” AND “Obesity” OR “Obese”). The results of related articles were used.

 Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases are the risk factors for COVID-19, especially in severe cases, which can affect the length of hospital stay and mortality.

 We know very little about this disease. Thus, much research is needed to conduct. Since obesity is a risk factor for this disease, exercise is proposed to prevent it.

 Research is limited on the effectiveness of various post-soccer match recovery methods.

 This study aimed to investigate the effects of active recovery methods on performance and muscle damage indices in young male soccer players.

 In this study, 21 male subjects (age 16.95 ± 2, height 175.29 ± 4, weight 65.99 ± 5) were selected and divided randomly into three recovery groups after a simulated soccer match. Foam roller recovery included massaging various muscle groups using a foam roller. Recovery by immersion in cold water involved immersing the body up to the neck in cold water at 15 °C. In inactive recovery, the subjects had no activity. The Yo-Yo recovery test, Sargent jump test, 20-m speed test, lactometer, and ELISA tests were used to measure the variables of aerobic power, explosive power, speed, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase, respectively. A two-way ANOVA test with repeated measures was used to determine the differences at a confidence interval of 95%.

 A significant difference was observed between the foam roller recovery group and the control group 24 hours after the simulated soccer match in muscle damage indices (P value < 0.05). However, in the active recovery group comparison, no significant difference was observed in the performance indices (P value < 0.05).

 It seems that foam rolling recovery can be used as a useful way to accelerate recovery compared to water immersion recovery through a reduction in inflammatory responses.

 Spiritual well-being is the newest dimension of health, which is placed along with the physical, mental, and social aspects of health. Since soldiers in military barracks are exposed to multiple psychological pressures, their psychological well-being can be affected.

 This study aimed to evaluate the spiritual well-being and psychological well-being and the relationship between these two concepts among soldiers in military service.

 A descriptive-analytical study was conducted at a military barracks in Iran in 2019. The study population included 301 soldiers selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using three questionnaires for data on sociodemographic, psychological well-being, and spiritual well-being.

 The results showed that soldiers' spiritual well-being (Mean ± SD: 100.6 ± 12, 30, range: 50 – 120) and Psychological well-being (PWB) (Mean ± SD: 85.85 ± 7.91, range: 48 – 104) were at high levels. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between spiritual well-being and psychological well-being (P value< 0.001, r = 0.41).

 Considering the correlation between spiritual well-being and psychological well-being among soldiers in military service, it is possible to improve their psychological well-being by promoting spiritual well-being. In this regard, more interventional and combination studies are recommended in the field of psychological well-being and spiritual well-being.
 

 Cumulative dose of ovary as a radiosensitive organ during abdominal and pelvic CT scan imaging is still a controversial challenge that requires practical dose reduction strategies. Although bismuth shields can reduce the dose in the right proportions, their use is controversial due to the reduced image quality.

 The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a new combination of X-ray absorber structures that have less effect on image quality parameters.

 First, various shields with different weight percentages of Cu and Bi were made, then the percentage of dose reduction and image quality were evaluated via phantoms. Finally, Shield with the least effect on image quality was evaluated for clinical evaluation on 20 patients.

 Shielding with thicknesses of 1T and 3T reduced the Entrance skin dose of ovarian by about 52% and 73%, respectively. Shields with 90% cu-10% Bi and 100% Bi structures had the least and most destructive effects on image quality, respectively, and also have the same image quality. The 10% Bi-90% Cu shield provided a 21% greater dose reduction than the bismuth shield. Also, this 1T thick shield did not create an artifact in the reconstructed images.

 Shields are flexible, inexpensive, and user-friendly for ovarian shielding in abdominal and pelvic CT scans. Unlike bismuth shields, shields do not have the detrimental effects of image quality degradation.

 Nowadays, one of the widely used training methods is high-intensity interval training (HIIT). In addition, researchers have stated that long-term, high-intensity training is associated with the production of free radicals in the body. Free radicals also damage liver cells, resulting in increased liver enzymes.

 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of HIIT, compared to high-intensity continuous training (HICT), on damage and antioxidant indices of the liver in male Wistar rats.

 Twenty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups of control (n = 6), HIIT (n = 8), and HICT (n = 8). Training protocols included HIIT and HICT on a treadmill for eight weeks (five days in a week). Standard water and food were provided for rats ad libitum. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, blood and tissue samples were collected, and serum enzymes were measured by the methods recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) method. The level of enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase in the liver tissue was measured by Randox Commercial Kit (Cat. No. SD 126). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to analyze the data.

 The results showed that eight weeks of HIIT and HICT had no effect on the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (P = 0.14), but eight weeks of HIIT significantly decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level compared to the control group (P = 0.04). The level of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity significantly increased in the HIIT and HICT groups compared to the control group (P = 0.001). HICT also led to a significant increase in the SOD level compared to HIIT (P = 0.03).

 The research results suggested that eight weeks of HIIT led to a significant reduction in serum AST levels, and HIIT had a lower effect on the increased SOD activity in liver tissue compared to HICT. It might be stated that HIIT is safer than HICT, and it has fewer destructive effects on liver tissue.